List of political parties in the Netherlands
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This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties often work with each other to form coalition governments.
The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is no threshold for getting a seat, making it possible for a party to get a seat with only two-thirds percent of the vote—roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.
The first national political party was the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879.[1]
No party has won (close to) a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918.[2] All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.
National political parties
[edit]Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament
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Parties without representation in the States General and/or European Parliament
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Regional and local political parties
[edit]European Netherlands
[edit]Regional parties
[edit]| Political party | Active in | Main ideology | Position | European affiliation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FNP | 
|
Frisian National Party Fryske Nasjonale Partij |
 Friesland
|
Civic nationalism | Big tent[37] | EFA | |
| GB | 
|
Groninger Interest Groninger Belang |
 Groningen
|
Regionalism | Centre | — | |
| LB | 
|
Local Brabant Lokaal Brabant |
 North Brabant
|
Regionalism | Centre | — | |
| LL | 
|
Local Limburg Lokaal-Limburg |
 Limburg
|
Regionalism | Centre | — | |
| PvhN | Party for the North Partij voor het Noorden |
Groningen Friesland Drenthe
|
Regionalism | Centre | — | ||
| PvZ | 
|
Party for Zeeland Partij voor Zeeland |
 Zeeland
|
Regionalism | Centre | — | |
| PBF | 
|
Provincial Interest Fryslân Provinciaal Belang Fryslân |
Friesland
|
Regionalism | Centre | — | |
| SLD | 
|
Strong Local Drenthe Sterk Lokaal Drenthe |
Drenthe
|
Regionalism | Centre | — | |
| SLF | 
|
Strong Local Flevoland Sterk Lokaal Flevoland |
 Flevoland
|
Regionalism | Centre | — | |
Local parties
[edit]| Party | Main ideology | Position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forza! | 
|
Forza! Netherlands Forza! Nederland |
Right-wing populism | Right-wing | |
| HvDH | Heart for The Hague Hart voor Den Haag/Groep de Mos |
Conservative liberalism | Right-wing | ||
| LR | 
|
Livable Rotterdam Leefbaar Rotterdam |
Fortuynism | Right-wing | |
| VSP | 
|
United Seniors Party Verenigde Senioren Partij |
Pensioners' interests | Single-issue politics | |
Water board parties
[edit]| Political party | Main ideology | Position | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AWP | 
|
General Water Board Party Algemene Waterschapspartij |
Apoliticism | Syncretic | |
| WN | 
|
Water Natuurlijk | Green politics | Centre-left | |
Caribbean Netherlands
[edit]Bonaire
[edit]| Political party | Main ideology | Position | Leader | Affiliation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American | Intl. | ||||||
| PDB | Bonaire Democratic Party Partido Demokrátiko Boneriano |
Social democracy | Centre-left | Clark Abraham | — | — | |
| UPB | Bonaire Patriotic Union Union Patriótiko Boneriano |
Christian democracy | Centre | James Kroon | ODCA | CDI | |
| MPB | Bonaire People's Movement Movementu di Pueblo Boneriano |
Christian socialism | Centre | Elvis Tjin Asjoe | — | — | |
| FSP | Social Progressive Front Frente Sosial Progresivo |
Social democracy | Centre-left | Robby Beukenboom | — | — | |
Saba
[edit]Sint Eustatius
[edit]| Political party | Main ideology | Position | Leader | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DP | Democratic Party | Christian democracy | Centre | Adelka Spanner | |
| PLP | Progressive Labour Party | Social democracy | Centre-left | Rechelline Leerdam | |
Defunct political parties
[edit] | This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. |
See also
[edit]- Politics of the Netherlands
- List of ruling political parties by country
- Liberalism in the Netherlands
- Socialism in the Netherlands
- Christian democracy in the Netherlands
- Republicanism in the Netherlands
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Anti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP)". Documentatiecentrum Nederlands politieke partijen (in Dutch). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1412 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ Lead candidate of the joint list GreenLeft and Labour Party at the 2023 general election.
- ^ a b c d Wolfram Nordsieck. "Parties and Elections in Europe". Retrieved 8 June 2015.
- ^ a b c d Josep M. Colomer (24 July 2008). Comparative European Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 221f. ISBN 978-0-203-94609-1. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
- ^ Lead candidate of the joint list GreenLeft and Labour Party at the 2023 general election.
- ^ Pauwels, Teun (2014). Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands. Routledge. pp. 117–118. ISBN 9781317653912.
- ^ Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 191.
- ^ Tjitske Akkerman (2015). "Gender and the radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis of policy agendas". Patterns of Prejudice. 49 (1–2): 37–60. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2015.1023655. S2CID 144264153.
- ^ "Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) — Europe Politique". www.europe-politique.eu. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ a b c Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49
- ^ a b c Hans Keman (2008), "The Low Countries: Confrontation and Coalition in Segmented Societies", Comparative European Politics, Taylor & Francis, p. 221, ISBN 9780203946091
- ^ Sean Lusk; Nick Birks (2014). Rethinking Public Strategy. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-137-37758-6.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "CDA: partij van samenleving en van waarden" (in Dutch). Reformatorisch Dagblad. 8 August 2015. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Syuzanna Vasilyan (2009). "The integration crisis in the Netherlands: the causes and the new policy measures". In Ditta Dolejšiová; Miguel Angel García López (eds.). European Citizenship in the Process of Construction: Challenges for Citizenship, Citizenship Education and Democratic Practice in Europe. Council of Europe. p. 73. ISBN 978-92-871-6478-0.
- ^ Hans Vollaard; Gerrit Voerman; Nelleke van de Walle (2015). "The Netherlands". In Donatella M. Viola (ed.). Routledge Handbook of European Elections. Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-317-50363-7.
- ^ Bremmer, Ian (13 September 2012). "Going Dutch: The Netherlands' election results roll in". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- ^ José Magone (3 July 2013). Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Routledge. p. 533. ISBN 978-1-136-93397-4.
- ^ "European Social Survey 2012 - Appendix 3 (in English)" (PDF). European Science Foundation. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Watkins, Susan (May–June 2005). "Continental tremors". New Left Review. II (33). New Left Review.
- ^ "Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008, retrieved 18 November 2016: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf
- ^ a b "Parties and Elections in Europe". Parties-and-elections.eu.
- ^ Jort Statema; Paul Aarts. Timo Behr; Teija Tiilikainen (eds.). The Netherlands: Follow Washington, Be a Good European. note on p. 237.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Rudy B. Andeweg; Galen A. Irwin (2014). Governance and Politics of the Netherlands (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 74.
- ^ "Standpunten" (in Dutch). Forum voor Democratie. 15 November 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Forum voor Democratie: Why has the Dutch far right surged?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ Tierolf, Bas; Drost, Lisanne; van Kapel, Maaike (December 2018). Zevende rapportage racisme, antisemitisme en extreemrechts geweld in Nederland (PDF) (Report) (in Dutch). Verwey-Jonker Instituut. p. 35. ISBN 978-90-5830-912-9. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
- ^ "Far-right MEPs form group in European Parliament". EurActiv. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
- ^ Stagni, Federica (6 December 2018). "Time For Change: How Volt Wants To Fix Europe". Italics Magazine. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "A Pro-Immigrant Party Rises in the Netherlands". The New York Times. 29 July 2016.
- ^ "Ethnic minorities desert Labour, turn to Denk ahead of March vote". Dutch News. 6 February 2017.
- ^ "Verkiezingsprogramma 2017 – 2021" (in Dutch). Libertarische Partij. 10 November 2016. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Doelstellingen" (in Dutch). Partij voor Mens en Spirit. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.
- ^ Piratenpartij (13 April 2010). "Structuur" [Structure] (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- ^ Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.
- ^ "Frisian National Party Membership Survey".
- ^ "Actie Bouwman" (PDF). Repetorium kleine politieke partijen (in Dutch).
- ^ "Verbond van Actualisten" (PDF). Repetorium kleine politieke partijen (in Dutch).
External links
[edit]- Documentation Centre for Dutch Political Parties (DNPP) at University of Groningen
